One of the most common questions new backflow testers ask when entering the industry is:
“What type of backflow test gauge should I buy?”
There are several options available, including two-valve, three-valve, and five-valve gauges. All of them can be used to test backflow prevention assemblies when used properly.
However, at the American Backflow Academy we train new testers using a five-valve differential pressure gauge.
While other gauges can work well in the field, we believe the five-valve gauge offers several advantages—especially in California, where testers will frequently encounter Reduced Pressure Principle (RP) assemblies.
Why RP Assemblies Are So Common
Many commercial and industrial properties are required to install Reduced Pressure Principle backflow preventers because they provide the highest level of protection against contamination.
These assemblies are commonly required for:
Because RP assemblies are so common, most backflow testers will spend a significant portion of their time testing them.
RP assemblies require more complex testing procedures than Double Check, Preassure Vacuum Breaker, or Spill Resistant Vacuum Breaker assemblies, and this is where the design of the test gauge can make a difference.
Advantages of a Five-Valve Gauge
A five-valve gauge allows the tester to control pressure and isolate the test kit in a way that can simplify certain testing procedures.
Some advantages include:
Better pressure control
The additional valves allow the tester to stabilize differential pressure readings more precisely.
Simplified RP testing
RP assemblies require multiple pressure checks. A five-valve gauge can make it easier to manage those transitions during testing.
Better troubleshooting ability
When a tester encounters a failing assembly, the extra valves provide more options for isolating the problem and confirming the failure.
Because RP assemblies involve several testing steps, these features can make testing smoother once a technician becomes familiar with the gauge.
Why We Use Five-Valve Gauges for Training
In our training program, students learn how to test all four common types of backflow prevention assemblies.
Training with a five-valve gauge allows students to:
Because the gauge provides additional control over the test process, it can help new testers better understand what is happening inside the assembly during testing.
What If You Already Use a Two-Valve or Three-Valve Gauge?
Many experienced testers have built their careers using two-valve or three-valve gauges, and those gauges are still widely used throughout the industry.
For technicians who already own and prefer these gauges, there is no requirement to change equipment if they are comfortable with their testing procedures.
When testers attend recertification training at the American Backflow Academy, we are happy to work with technicians who bring their own gauges and preferred testing methods.
Our goal during recertification is to ensure testers remain confident and accurate in the procedures they use in the field.
Why Some Testers Are Upgrading to Five-Valve Gauges
As certification programs and regulatory standards evolve, some testers are choosing to upgrade their equipment and training.
In California, cross-connection control programs continue to place greater emphasis on:
Oversight of these programs comes from the California State Water Resources Control Board, which sets policies designed to protect public drinking water systems.
Because RP assemblies are such a common part of cross-connection control programs, many technicians prefer a gauge that gives them greater control during testing.
For that reason, a growing number of testers choose to learn and work with five-valve gauges.
Training for the Real World
No matter which gauge a tester ultimately uses in the field, the most important thing is understanding the testing procedures and being able to accurately diagnose problems with backflow assemblies.
Hands-on training is one of the best ways to develop those skills.
At the American Backflow Academy, our training program allows students to practice testing and troubleshooting multiple assembly types before taking their certification exams.
By working with real assemblies and professional testing equipment, students gain the experience they need to feel confident performing tests in the field.